Gov. Gavin Newsom wrapped up the 2025 legislative session with the standard flurry of exercise, signing a number of essential environmental, vitality and local weather payments and vetoing others forward of Monday’s deadline.
Among the many latest legal guidelines in California are efforts to speed up clear vitality tasks and advance the state’s place as a local weather chief — but in addition selections to ramp up oil drilling and reject the phase-out of endlessly chemical substances.
Right here’s a have a look at what occurred this yr:
In September, Newsom signed a blockbuster suite of payments together with the reauthorization of California’s signature cap-and-trade program, which units limits on greenhouse fuel emissions and lets massive polluters purchase and promote emissions allowances at quarterly auctions. The Legislature prolonged this system by 15 years to 2045, rebranded it as “cap-and-invest” and specified how its revenues might be allotted for wildfire prevention efforts, high-speed rail and different tasks.
The greenhouse fuel buying and selling program is seen as important for the state to fulfill its local weather targets, together with reaching carbon neutrality by 2045.
“California actually wanted to behave this yr to decisively attempt to put in insurance policies to fulfill our local weather objectives [and support] the financial system and totally different sectors,” stated Susan Nedell, senior western advocate with the nonpartisan coverage group E2. She known as state legislative efforts particularly essential because the Trump administration goals to erode California’s authority on tailpipe emission requirements, electrical car initiatives and renewable vitality tasks, amongst others.
“That is the time for California to steer, and I actually really feel like they got here by means of on it as a state,” Nedell stated.
WHAT ELSE BECAME LAW
- One of many extra controversial payments of the yr was Senate Invoice 237, which makes it simpler to drill as much as 2,000 new oil wells in Kern County. It’s a tradeoff that additionally makes it tougher to drill new oil or fuel wells offshore. Legislators stated it is going to assist deal with the volatility of gasoline costs following bulletins from oil firms Phillips 66 and Valero that they’re shutting down two large refineries within the state. Environmental teams had been fast to sentence the invoice.
- Additionally controversial was Meeting Invoice 825, which can increase California’s participation in a regional energy market — enabling the state to purchase and promote extra clear energy with different Western states. Opponents feared that it’s going to cede some management of California’s energy grid to out-of-state authorities, together with the federal authorities. Supporters stated it is going to enhance grid reliability and lower your expenses for ratepayers.
- January’s firestorm in L.A. led to a renewed give attention to the state’s method to fires, together with Senate Invoice 254, which comprises varied insurance policies to handle California’s getting older electrical infrastructure and wildfire prevention objectives. It is going to safe about $18 billion to replenish the state’s wildfire fund — a state insurance coverage coverage for utilities — which officers say will assist defend ratepayers from extreme utility legal responsibility prices. It additionally will set up a program to hurry up the development of energy strains wanted for clear vitality tasks.
- Meeting Invoice 39 requires cities and counties with at the least 75,000 residents to plan for extra electrification infrastructure by 2030, together with electrical car charging and constructing upgrades. The measures should deal with the wants of low-income households and deprived communities.
- Senate Invoice 80 will create a $5-million fund to speed up analysis and growth for fusion vitality. Fusion creates vitality by slamming two atoms collectively. The state hopes to launch the world’s first fusion vitality pilot undertaking by the 2040s. “Fusion vitality has the immense potential to offer constant, clear baseload energy on demand that can assist us meet our clear vitality objectives,” stated Sen. Anna Caballero (D-Merced), the invoice’s writer, in an announcement.
- Meeting Invoice 888 creates a grant program to assist low-income owners clear defensible area round their homes and set up fire-safe roofs. It’s “precisely the sort of proactive, people-first coverage California wants,” stated Eric Horne, California director for the nonprofit Megafire Motion, which is geared to ending massive wildfires.
- Senate Invoice 653 signifies that state companies must pay extra consideration to utilizing native species of their fireplace prevention work and use science-based requirements to keep away from introducing invasive, fire-prone species.
- Senate Invoice 429 establishes the Wildfire Security and Danger Mitigation Program on the California Division of Insurance coverage, which can fund analysis into creating and deploying a public wildfire disaster mannequin — a pc simulation that estimates property injury from massive wildfires and helps communities higher assess and put together for danger.
- Meeting Invoice 462 streamlines approvals for accent dwelling models on properties affected by the 2025 wildfires within the California Coastal Zone, requiring selections on coastal permits inside 60 days and eliminating some appeals.
- Meeting Invoice 818 accelerates native allowing for rebuilding houses and permits residents to put short-term houses, resembling manufactured houses or ADUs, on personal heaps throughout reconstruction.
- Meeting Invoice 245 offers residents extra time to rebuild their houses or companies within the wake of the 2025 wildfires with out experiencing a property tax enhance.
- Senate Invoice 614 will set up new laws for the protected transport of carbon dioxide captured from massive polluters or faraway from the environment. The laws will authorize the event of devoted pipelines to maneuver CO2 to underground geological formations for everlasting storage, and was described by Newsom as a significant subsequent step for the state’s burgeoning carbon seize, elimination and sequestration market.
- Meeting Invoice 14 expands the “Defending Blue Whales and Blue Skies Program” statewide. This system encourages massive vessels to voluntarily cut back their velocity in designated areas with the intention to cut back air air pollution and cut back the chance of deadly vessel strikes and dangerous underwater acoustic impacts on whales.
WHAT WAS VETOED
- The governor vetoed Senate Invoice 34, which might have required the South Coast Air High quality Administration District to contemplate sure elements earlier than implementing laws on the area’s ports. Opponents, together with well being and environmental teams, stated it might have finally weakened its authority and skill to fulfill clear air requirements. As a substitute, the air district and the ports are pursuing a voluntary cooperative settlement that can embody obligations for zero-emissions infrastructure and different clean-air efforts. “With the present federal administration straight undermining our state and native air and local weather air pollution discount methods, it’s crucial that we preserve the instruments we’ve,” Newsom wrote in his veto.
- Meeting Invoice 740 would have directed the state’s vitality companies to create an implementation plan for “digital energy crops” — networks of small vitality sources resembling good thermostats, house batteries and rooftop photo voltaic panels that may assist cut back pressure on the grid. Newsom vetoed it earlier this month, stating that it might lead to extra prices for the California Power Fee’s already depleted working fund. However Edson Perez, California lead on the nonprofit Superior Power United, known as its veto a “pricey mistake” and stated the invoice would have saved ratepayers greater than $13 billion.
- Newsom this week additionally vetoed Senate Invoice 682, which might have phased out the usage of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances, often called PFAS, or “endlessly chemical substances,” in shopper merchandise resembling nonstick cookwear and merchandise for infants and youngsters. The governor cited issues about affordability in his veto.
Earlier this yr, the governor additionally signed the most important reforms to the California Environmental High quality Act, or CEQA, because it initially grew to become regulation in 1970. Signed in June, Meeting Invoice 130 and Senate Invoice 131 exempt a broad array of housing growth and infrastructure tasks from CEQA in an effort to ease new building within the state. Supporters stated it is going to assist deal with the state’s housing disaster, whereas many environmental teams had been outraged by the transfer.
“Whereas California was capable of advance on grid regionalization, strengthen vitality affordability, uphold native air high quality safety, and defend endangered species, we’re pissed off by the Governor’s vetoes of measures that may have banned endlessly chemical substances, prioritized price efficient vitality consumption, expanded digital energy crops to decrease electrical energy payments, and banned microplastics,” stated Melissa Romero, coverage advocacy director with the nonprofit California Environmental Voters.
