Formaldehyde-free hair-straightening merchandise have gained recognition as a doubtlessly safer possibility than their formaldehyde-containing counterparts — however a brand new sequence of medical circumstances calls the security of those various merchandise into query.
Formaldehyde — in addition to liquid types of the chemical, known as formalin and methylene glycol — is added to hair-straightening and hair-smoothening merchandise as a preservative to increase shelf life and to assist lock the hair’s texture in place for a very long time.
Nevertheless, in recent times, numerous nations have moved to ban the chemical from hair-straightening merchandise attributable to well being considerations.
When heated, as it’s throughout these hair therapies, formaldehyde is launched into the air as a fuel. This could trigger fast issues, reminiscent of pores and skin irritation, coughing, wheezing and a burning sensation within the eyes. However particularly when it occurs repeatedly, formaldehyde publicity may also trigger long-term points reminiscent of fertility issues, bronchial asthma and a raised threat of most cancers, reminiscent of leukemia and nasopharyngeal cancers.
Given these points, formaldehyde-free variations of those merchandise are sometimes touted as safer choices. However that does not imply they’re innocent, in line with the brand new case sequence, revealed Aug. 28 within the journal Medical Toxicology. Specifically, the report highlights a possible threat of kidney damage tied to glyoxylic acid, an ingredient discovered in lots of formaldehyde-free hair-straightening merchandise that serves as a straightening agent.
The report particulars the circumstances of 13 ladies and youths who have been handled on the Sourasky Medical Middle in Tel Aviv following publicity to formaldehyde-free hair-straightening merchandise. The sufferers started feeling unwell inside two to 72 hours of present process these hair-straightening therapies at numerous salons.
“Even earlier than these research have been revealed,” the examine authors wrote, “our medical toxicology service had begun to obtain related stories, prompting us to go to native hair salons, together with unlawful salons talked about by affected sufferers, the place we found the presence of glyoxylic acid within the hair-straightening merchandise.”
Associated: Hair-straightening merchandise comprise chemical compounds that enhance dangers of most cancers, kidney accidents and respiratory points
The 13 sufferers, who ranged from 15 to 53 years previous, developed signs reminiscent of vomiting, belly ache and scalp rashes. Twelve of the sufferers developed acute kidney damage, as evidenced by a buildup of the waste product creatinine of their blood, a lower in urine output and the presence of small crystals within the urine they did expel.
The one one that did not develop kidney damage had acquired remedy in a short time — they have been admitted to the hospital simply six hours after their hair remedy, and inside two hours of admission acquired thiamine and pyridoxine, that are B nutritional vitamins thought to assist the physique break down glyoxylic acid.
Along with discovering glyoxylic acid-containing merchandise on the salons their sufferers visited, the medical heart’s toxicology group additionally discovered that a few of the salons had insufficient air flow.
The sufferers stayed within the hospital for between one and 10 days. Not one of the sufferers required their blood to be filtered with hemodialysis and no deaths occurred.
It’s price noting that the case sequence included comparatively few sufferers, did not embrace any kidney biopsies and was partially performed retrospectively, because the authors appeared again at circumstances that occurred between April 2021 and March 2025. Nevertheless, this is not the primary time glyoxylic acid has been linked to kidney points. Hair merchandise containing the ingredient have been tied to kidney accidents in anecdotal stories and in a single girl’s case of repeated kidney injury, for instance.
“These findings spotlight a doubtlessly underrecognized threat of kidney toxicity related to glyoxylic acid-containing hair merchandise,” the authors concluded. “Immediate recognition and early remedy, notably with thiamine and pyridoxine, could cut back the severity of kidney injury. Additional research and regulatory motion are wanted to raised outline the chance and forestall future circumstances.”
In the meantime, within the U.S., the Meals and Drug Administration (FDA) appeared poised to ban formaldehyde in hair-straightening and hair-smoothing merchandise again in April 2024. Nevertheless, the proposed ruling was postponed a number of instances in 2024, and the trouble has not progressed in 2025. For now, the FDA merely discourages shoppers from buying and utilizing hair merchandise containing formaldehyde or associated substances.
Some consultants have mentioned that glyoxylic acid must also be banned from hair-straightening and smoothening merchandise, however no strikes have been made on that entrance.
This text is for informational functions solely and isn’t meant to supply medical recommendation.
