Overtaking a throne generally takes a contact of matricide.
Some newly mated ant queens sneak into different ant colonies and spray their queens with a liquid that sends staff right into a murderous frenzy, researchers report November 17 in Present Biology. After the employees do the parasitic queen’s soiled work, she will ascend the throne and start laying her personal eggs.
“That is, to our data, the primary case the place a 3rd social gathering advantages from matricide,” says Keizo Takasuka, a behavioral ecologist and entomologist at Kyushu College in Fukuoka, Japan.
Matricide is exceedingly uncommon in nature, most likely partially as a result of motherly love is a powerful pressure that helps hold offspring alive. The few identified examples, present in invertebrates, embrace moms sacrificing their physique so their younger can eat or staff killing queens to push the colony to supply extra males.
However newly mated Lasius orientalis and L. umbratus queens — kinfolk of the black backyard ant (L. niger) — can push L. flavus and L. japonicus employee ants to activate their very own mom. Historic information from the early 1900s reported that some Lasius staff commit matricide. What instigated the ants’ betrayal, nonetheless, was unknown.
In tabletop colonies constructed out of small containers linked to a tiny feeding station, Takasuka and colleagues watched as L. orientalis and L. umbratus queens executed a coup. Every parasitic queen first frolicked with staff to steal their odor, duping them into considering that she was a member of the colony. Then she made her method near the present queen, drenching her in a sprig that sparked a revolution among the many staff, who attacked till the queen was useless.
The spray might be formic acid, a chemical irritant that some ants use as a protection, the staff says. Assessments with artificial formic acid may assist affirm whether or not that chemical alone incites matricide, Takasuka says, or if one other chemical can be concerned.
It might take a number of sprays to get the job achieved. One L. umbratus queen sprayed a L. japonicus queen simply twice earlier than the employees finally killed their mom in half a day. However a L. orientalis queen sprayed her sufferer 16 instances in 20 hours. The employees attacked the L. flavus queen till she died 4 days later they usually dismembered her.
Different parasitic ants sometimes take over nests by instantly killing one other queen, says Christine Johnson, a behavioral ecologist on the American Museum of Pure Historical past in New York Metropolis, who wasn’t concerned with the work. Tricking employee ants into doing the soiled work could also be an advanced tactic to steal the throne with a decrease danger of harm or loss of life.
Nonetheless, eradicating the previous queen doesn’t assure a profitable takeover for the brand new queen. “She may be accepted,” Johnson says. “But it surely doesn’t essentially imply they’re going to undertake her younger.”
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