An intense swarm of earthquakes round Greece’s Santorini Island in January has revealed a fiery underground hyperlink between two neighboring and traditionally explosive volcanoes.
Analyses of seismic exercise from June 2024 by way of February 2025, together with adjustments within the island’s floor elevation, counsel that the identical nicely of magma feeding the Santorini volcano may provide the submerged Kolumbo volcano, simply seven kilometers away, researchers report September 24 in Nature.
Advanced, shared magma plumbing techniques can complicate the interpretation of earthquakes and indicators of imminent eruptions, say Marius Isken, a geophysicist on the GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam, Germany, and colleagues. This research, they are saying, highlights the necessity for real-time, high-resolution monitoring to enhance volcano warnings.
Santorini is thought for a catastrophic volcanic eruption round 1560 B.C. that contributed to the top of the Minoan civilization and brought on widespread devastation, together with earthquakes, tsunamis and presumably a volcanic winter. Kolumbo isn’t any slouch both, erupting most lately in A.D. 1650.
When a swarm of over 1,200 earthquakes rattled the area early this yr, Greece declared a state of emergency, fearing an imminent eruption. Though no eruption ensued, the considerable quakes allowed Isken and colleagues to look at the subsurface and higher perceive how and the place magma moved.
Utilizing knowledge from earthquake stations on each land and the seafloor, the staff reconstructed the occasions resulting in the unrest. Beginning in July 2024, Santorini’s floor started to swell by a number of centimeters, suggesting magma accumulation in its shallow reservoir from deeper in Earth’s crust. The swelling coincided with seismic exercise centered round Santorini.
On January 27, the earthquake charge surged, with a brand new swarm of quakes migrating over a number of weeks first towards Santorini after which northeast away from the island. On the identical time, GPS knowledge confirmed that each volcanoes appeared to deflate.
The story, advised in quakes and floor settling, means that magma from a deeper crustal reservoir feeds each Santorini and Kolumbo. The swarm of seismicity factors to magma shifting from this reservoir, initially towards Santorini after which away from each volcanoes, inflicting them each to deflate, like a simultaneous sigh.
That is the primary commentary of a magmatic connection between Kolumbo and Santorini, the staff notes. And that has implications for different massive volcanic techniques hypothesized to share magmatic plumbing, or at the least to jostle each other underground, reminiscent of these in Hawaii, Iceland and Russia’s Kamchatka peninsula.
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